Edward WOOD¹ was born on 7 June 1883 in Rooksbridge, Somerset.^1,484 He died on 12 November 1968 at the age of 85 in Auckland, New Zealand.¹ He was educated C4.¹ Edward was a Railway building (engineer), NZ Army Med Corps, milkseller.¹ Served with the New Zealand contingent at the Dardanelles (1915. )Described on Discharge Certificate as 5ft 6 1/2 inches tall, brown hair, blue eyes, fresh complexion.

Died unmarried

Kellys Directory 1908 - Edward Wood, Insurance Agent Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Elizabeth WOOD^1,485 was christened on 6 January 1829 in Wigan, Lancs.^1,485 Baptismal entry shows as daughter of John and Mary of Wallgate, Wigan, father a coachman Parents: John WOOD and Mary .

Spouse: John BEARDSMORE. Children were: Samuel BEARDSMORE, John BEARDSMORE.

Elizabeth WOOD¹ was christened on 7 May 1786 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was born in 1786.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

Elizabeth WOOD¹ was born in 1855 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Elizabeth WOOD¹ was born in 1873 in United States.¹ Parents: Samuel Clifford WOOD and unknown .

Elizabeth Caroline (Daisy) WOOD¹ was born in 1894 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ She died on 31 May 1924 at the age of 30 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ Parents: Walter WOOD and Lizzie (Elizabeth) ROLAND.

Spouse: SPENCER.

Ellen Bowman WOOD¹ was born in 1860 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was christened on 29 July 1860 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was a domestic servant at 24 Curzon St, Derby (1881).¹ Parents: Joseph WOOD and Ruth BOWMAN.

Emily Ann WOOD¹ was christened on 3 June 1858 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ She was born in 1858 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Florence WOOD¹ was born in 1900 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ Parents: Walter WOOD and Lizzie (Elizabeth) ROLAND.

Frederick WOOD¹ was christened on 26 May 1858 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was buried on 5 June 1858 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was born in 1858 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Frederick died in 1858 at the age of 0 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ burial entry (swarkestone) Page 33 No 262 1858 Frederick Wood June 5th 1yr 10 months John M Webb curate Parents: Joseph WOOD and Ruth BOWMAN.

Frederick William WOOD¹ was born on 24 April 1895 in Union Street, Ashbourne, Derbys.^1,486 He died on 17 December 1953 at the age of 58 in Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, Derbys..¹ He was buried in Ashbourne, Derbys.¹ Frederick was a Tailor (1921/1923) Insurance Salesman (Pearl, Co-op).¹ Joined British Army in 1915 and in 1916 fought in the Easter rising in Ireland.He was "in the trenches in the first world war and had a bullet lodged near the heart until the day he died. he suffered badly from shellshock and took up leather
work at Hulland..he made handbags and purses etc for people and this work was therapeutic" (Dorothy Dawson).

Before WW1 worked for Lady Inglefield of Parwich Hall, Ashbourne, and of "the flower lilies" Windley, Derby.From Who's Who:"Inglefield, rear adm Fredk Samuel b 1854. m1903 Cecilia, dau of JG Crompton of "Flower Lilies" Derbyshire dL,dp"

Witnesses at marriage were George Edward Ward and Nora Lee.

Only records held at MOD re WW1 service relate to a Frederick William Wood in the Sherwood Foresters, but wife is Elizabeth White and children are Nora and Alfred.

Sherwood Foresters in WW1: 1914 8 battalions, 1918 33, of which 20 served abroad. 140,000 men, 11409 killed. Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Spouse: Elizabeth WARD. Elizabeth WARD and Frederick William WOOD were married on 24 December 1921 in Sion Chapel, Ashbourne, Derbys.^1,123

Spouse: Elsie CHADWICK.

George WOOD¹ was born in 1830 in Middlesex, Borough.¹ He was a Bricklayers Labourer (1871), Laborer (1881,1892).¹ Marriage probably to Sarah Elizabeth Hessey, Dec 1859, Kensington 1a 31

1881 census living at 2 Robin Hood cottages, Sutton

1871 census living in Sutton

Spouse: Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY. Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY and George WOOD were married on 23 October 1859 in Hammersmith.¹ Children were: Rosina WOOD, William WOOD, George H WOOD, Charles H WOOD, Walter WOOD, Harry WOOD, Charlotte WOOD, John WOOD, James WOOD.

George WOOD¹ was born in 1863 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was christened on 27 September 1863 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: Joseph WOOD and Ruth BOWMAN.

George H WOOD¹ was born in 1866 in Kensington, London.¹ He was a Telegraph boy (1881).¹ Parents: George WOOD and Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY.

Hannah WOOD¹ was born in 1787.¹ She was christened on 20 August 1787 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was christened on 25 December 1787 in Stanton by Bridge, Derbys.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

Hannah WOOD¹ was born in 1853 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was christened on 15 August 1853 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: Joseph WOOD and Ruth BOWMAN.

Spouse: John FISHER. Hannah WOOD and John FISHER were married on 26 February 1874 in Swarkestone, Derbys.^1,353

Harry WOOD¹ was born in 1875 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ He was a Scholar (1881).¹ Parents: George WOOD and Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY.

Helen Louisa WOOD¹ was born on 11 August 1876 in Axbridge regn dist.¹ She died in 1887 at the age of 11.¹ Died aged c 11 Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Herbert WOOD¹ was born in 1855 in Chellaston Derbyshire.¹ He was an Engine Turner (1881), Iron Turner (1891).¹ 1891 census living at 4 Leonard St Derby with father , ? wife Jane ann and son Charles H Parents: Samuel WOOD and Hannah SMITH.

Spouse: Jane Ann . Children were: Charles H WOOD.

James WOOD¹ was born in 1881 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ Parents: George WOOD and Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY.

Jane WOOD¹ was christened on 3 January 1813 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was born in 1813.¹ She died in 1843 at the age of 30.^1,487 Parents: Samuel WOOD and Anne ELLOT "of Morley".

Jemima WOOD¹ was born in 1790.¹ She was christened on 10 November 1790 in Stanton by Bridge, Derbys.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

John WOOD^{1,488,489,490} was born (date unknown). Described as "of Chellaston" at time of marriage.

"Banns of Marriage between John Wood of the Parish of Chellaston, and Ann Holt of this parish, published in this church September 26th, Octobr 3rd & 10th by me Geo Greaves".

"John Wood, of the parish of Chellaston, and Ann Holt of this parish, were married in this church by banns this eighth day of November, in the year of our Loard one thousand, seven hundred and seventy nine by me Geo Greaves. This marriage was
solemnized between us

John Wood

and Ann Holt X Mark

In the presence of us Richard Cooper

John Roberts"

No mention of any Woods in census of 1801,1811 and 1821 as recorded in Stanton PRs

Chellaston poor law - "a day's work in the village in 1775 was paid one shilling. those engaged for 51 wks ( a whole years employment would have entitled them to parish relief if they needed it) were paid £5 10s " (from "A Histroy of
Chellaston" - Chellaston History Group

Spouse: Ann HOLT. Ann HOLT and John WOOD were married on 8 November 1779 in Stanton by Bridge, Derbys.¹ Children were: Mary WOOD, Thomas WOOD, John WOOD, Elizabeth WOOD, Hannah WOOD, Samuel WOOD, Jemima WOOD.

John WOOD^{1,145,485,489,490,491} was born in 1784.¹ He was christened on 1 August 1784 in Swarkestone, Derbys.^1,145 He died on 26 July 1863 at the age of 79 in Hollington, Derbys.¹ John was buried on 30 July 1863 in Longford, Derbys.¹ He was a Coach Proprietor (1822-1823), Coachman (1826-1829), Farmer.¹ Described as "farmer" on marriage certificate of son John (1843) and "retired Farmer", aged 76, on 1861 census, when living with daughter in law Louisa Wood

No marriage found to a Mary in Swarkestone registers 1760-1837

No Obituary found - no Ashbourne paper survives prior to 1892.

No maps or deeds survive for either of his farms and no entries in the index for sale catalogues, inclosures and tithe maps. Rodsley tithe map shows no tithes payable for Hollington - only shows Longford Hall estate. A document entitled
"Hollington farms, Homesteads and Lands 1884" makes no reference to John's farms

1840 Tithe maps also checked for Rodsley, Longford & Hollington - nothing found . Also no Woods on an 1821 census of the area done by the vicar

Burial entry, Longford Page 112 No 890, 1863, John Wood, Hollington, Buried July 30, aged 79, Alpheus Slight Off Minr.

on 1841 census was living at Quarndon Common with children John (19, FWK), Samuel (15) and Elizabeth (12), all not born in the County. John is aged 55 and is of "Independent Means". No wife is shown.

In 1851 Longford had "1162 persons in the parish" (Slater's Commercial Directory 1862). Ashbourne had 5087. Not listed in this directory for Hollington or Rodsley.

1863 Will indices Somerset House: Wood, John. Effects under £450. 15th Oct. The will of John Wood, late of Hollington in the parish of Longford in the County of Derby, farmer, deceased, who died 26th July 1863 at Hollington aforesaid was proved
at Derby by the oath of Thomas Wright of hollington aforesaid, farmer and blacksmith, one of the executors. (copy of will obtained).

Listed in 1857 South Derby poll book no 459 John Wood, Hollington. Not listed in 1835 - 1857 nor in 1832 for Hollington or Swarkestone

There is a John Wood marrying Mary Johnson at Bolton le moor on 12 10 1810 had a daughter Martha b 28 8 1811 bapt 29 9 1811 Wallgate, wigan

Bulmers directory 1895 makes reference to farms owned by "J Wood's trustees". No Beardsmores listed.

History Directory & Gazeteer of Lancs 1825. Listed a Wood, John, Coach proprietor, Hallgate, Wigan. Popln of Wigan in 1821 7019 families, 38318 persons. Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

Spouse: Mary . Children were: John WOOD, Mary Ann WOOD, Samuel WOOD, Elizabeth WOOD.

John WOOD¹ was born in 1816.¹ He was christened on 10 September 1816 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: Samuel WOOD and Anne ELLOT "of Morley".

Spouse: Ann ROSE. Ann ROSE and John WOOD were married on 5 April 1836 in Derby St Alkmunds.¹

John WOOD^{1,145,485,492} was christened on 6 January 1822 in Wigan, Lancs.^1,485,492 He was born in 1822.¹ He died after 1901 at the age of 79 in ?Derbyshire.¹ John was a Framework Knitter, Farmer, living on own means (1901).¹ Baptism entry shows John,son of John and Mary Wood of Hallgate, Wigan.Father a Coach Proprietor.

Described as "framework knitter" on the birth certificate of John (1850) and "farmer" on John's marriage cert (1875). "Hosier" on marriage cert (1843) and "framework knitter - silk" on 1851 census.

Died after 1875.

Not present on 1861 census - had presumably gone to America by then.(but son William born in 1861 as only one month old on 1861 census

No will located at Somerset House 1871 to 1912 inclusive.

Reputedly held the record for crossing the Atlantic the most number of times or perhaps at the greatest age. Also reputedly a friend of Wild Bill Hickock

1881 census living in Hathern, Leics with daughter Louisa M

1901 census living in Longford, Derbys, with grandson Samuel Wright and daughter Mary Ann Wright Parents: John WOOD and Mary .

Spouse: Louisa CLIFFORD. Louisa CLIFFORD and John WOOD were married on 27 May 1843 in Quarndon, Derbys.^1,123 Children were: Mary Ann WOOD, Samuel Clifford WOOD, John Clifford WOOD, Louisa M WOOD, Elizabeth WOOD, Margaret WOOD, Emily Ann WOOD, William WOOD.

John WOOD¹ was born in 1879 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ Parents: George WOOD and Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY.

John Clifford WOOD^{1,122,124,489} was born on 11 April 1850 in Quarndon, Derbys.^1,486 He died on 24 June 1915 at the age of 65 in Dog Lanes , Hulland, Derbys.^1,493 He was buried on 28 June 1915 in Ashbourne, Derbys.^1,122 John was a Cheesemaker and dairyman, Farmer, Groom, milkseller (1901).¹ Described as "farmer" on Frederick William's Marrage Certificate (1921) and as "groom" on Frederick William's birth cert (1895), as "Cheese maker" on Kate's birth cert (1878), as "General Dealer" on 1881 census, as "cheesemaker" on marriage
cert (1875).

Kept a dairy in Compton, Ashbourne. Apparently ruined by the Nestle factory opening at Ashbourne (had previously had a milk round).

Died aged 65, probably from heart failure.

"for many years conducted a dairy in Ashbourne and was highly respected by all classes"

Had a "sister Dolly(or Polly) and niece Emma" not yet matched on tree

Kellys Directory 1900 described as "dairyman" of Compton, Ashbourne.

Kellys Directory 1904, again as "dairyman" of Church Street.

Aunt Kate spoke of his cheese factory in Rooksbridge.

1891 census shown as butter & cheesemaker in East Brentaged 41, born Duffield, with wife Ellen and children Kate,Margaret, Edward, Clifford, Lilian and Alfred

Before moving to Somerset was apparently a carrier but not listed as such in the following Directories:

Wright's Midland Directory 1864 (carrier to Hollington, Longford etc is listed as Thomas Wood)

Slater's Commercial Directory 1862. Ashbourne shown as popln of 5087, Longford of "1162 persons in the parish" in 1851. Lists Thomas Wood, Hollington.

Wilkins & Ellis, 1878 (Derby only)

Pigot's 1835 lists Thomas Wood, Brailsford, baker. Stanton popln 1831 215, Swarkeston 1831 popln 308. No Woods listed under Melbourne etc. Carrier to Quarndon is "Clifford"

checked Derby Mercury - couldn't find copy of the obituary that I have Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Spouse: Ellen BANWELL. Ellen BANWELL and John Clifford WOOD were married on 11 September 1875 in Weston Super Mare, Somerset.^1,123 Children were: Helen Louisa WOOD, Kate WOOD, Margaret Mary WOOD, Edward WOOD, Clifford John WOOD, Lillian WOOD, Edith WOOD, Alfred WOOD, Alfred WOOD, Frederick William WOOD.

Joseph WOOD^1,30 was christened on 3 June 1828 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was born in 1828.¹ He was a General Labourer (1881),ag lab (1851).¹ still living with his parents in 1851

1881 living in Barrow Road side cottage, Swarkestone, with wife Ruth and children Mary Banton and Alice Parents: Samuel WOOD and Anne ELLOT "of Morley".

Spouse: Ruth BOWMAN. Ruth BOWMAN and Joseph WOOD were married on 18 October 1852 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Children were: Hannah WOOD, William WOOD, Frederick WOOD, Sarah WOOD, Ellen Bowman WOOD, Charles WOOD, George WOOD, Thomas WOOD, Mary Banton WOOD, Alice WOOD.

Joseph WOOD¹ was christened on 3 June 1860 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was born in 1860 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: William WOOD and Rachel FISH.

Kate WOOD¹ was born on 11 September 1878 in Rooksbridge, East Brent, Somerset.¹ She died on 29 June 1969 at the age of 90 in Ashbourne, Derbys.¹ She was a sweet shop owner, Private nurse, nanny, milkseller (1901).¹ Kept a sweetshop in Ashbourne. Also, was a private nurse (including to Sir Thomas Lipton) and also worked on a farm at Cubley.(the Minion family at "Harehill")

The Wood family christening robe is made from knickerbockers once owned by Oswald Mosley's mother.

I have aunt Kate's daybook from the turn of the century.

She never married.

In Hobsons Directory 0f 1915-16 as "Miss Wood, confectioner, Church Street, Ashbourne".

Her elder sister died when Kate was about nine. "Kate, then, as the eldest, having previously been second child, was thrust into a role of responsibility, particularly as younger brothers and sisters kept appearing and their gentle mother was
not of a strong disposition. by her acount she was often nurse maid, house keeper and servant at a tender age" (Peter Dawson) Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Lillian WOOD¹ was born on 29 November 1887 in Rooksbridge, Somerset.^1,484 She died in 1984 at the age of 97 in USA.¹ Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Spouse: Will ABBOT. Children were: Ellen Ruth ABBOT, Willis David ABBOT.

Lily WOOD¹ was born in 1899 in Sutton, Surrey.¹ Parents: Walter WOOD and Lizzie (Elizabeth) ROLAND.

Louisa WOOD¹ was born (date unknown).

Spouse: John FELTHAM. Children were: Lilian Mary M FELTHAM, Violet Irene FELTHAM.

Louisa Charlotte (Lewey) WOOD¹ was born on 1 November 1892 in Epsom, Surrey.¹ She died on 4 February 1971 at the age of 78 in 9 Mayfield Road, Carshalton.¹ She was a Housekeeper (1925).¹ Death notified by Henry Spiller, son in law.

Living at 5 Alleyn Terrace at time of first marriage in 1911 Parents: Walter WOOD and Lizzie (Elizabeth) ROLAND.

Spouse: John FELTHAM. Children were: Walter John FELTHAM, Evelyn Joan FELTHAM, Walter John FELTHAM, Violet Irene FELTHAM, Frederick G FELTHAM, Gordon William (chuckles) FELTHAM, Mary Elizabeth FELTHAM, Edward (Neddy) FELTHAM, Louisa FELTHAM, Joyce M H FELTHAM.

Spouse: James Shamus COURTNEY. Louisa Charlotte (Lewey) WOOD and James Shamus COURTNEY were married on 2 October 1911 in Sutton, Surrey.¹

Louisa M WOOD¹ was born in 1851 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ She was a dressmaker (1881).¹ Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Margaret WOOD¹ was born in 1856 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ She died after 1891 at the age of 35.¹ Described as "dressmaker" on 1891 census, living with daughter Lenora Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Children were: Leonora B .

Margaret Mary WOOD^1,122 was born on 27 September 1880 in Rooksbridge, Somerset.^1,484 She died on 7 May 1951 at the age of 70 in Ashbourne, Derbys.¹ She was a Dressmaker (1901) with Mr Joseph Bradley.¹ Parents: John Clifford WOOD and Ellen BANWELL.

Spouse: Frederick BLOOD. Children were: Lillian May BLOOD.

Margery WOOD¹ was born on 10 September 1921 in Canada.¹ She died on 31 December 1925 at the age of 4 in Canada.¹ Parents: Clifford John WOOD and Eva .

Mary WOOD¹ was christened on 24 June 1781 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was born in 1781.¹ Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

Mary WOOD¹ was born in 1814 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was christened on 20 November 1814 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: Samuel WOOD and Anne ELLOT "of Morley".

Mary Ann WOOD^1,485 was christened on 3 December 1823 in Wigan, Lancs.^1,485 She was buried on 16 February 1839 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ Quarndon Monumental Inscriptions (old church): Sacred/to the memoryof/ Mary Ann daughter of /John Wood / of Hollington in this county/ who died Feb 16th 1839 / Aged 16 years/ For what is your life, it is even/ a vapour, that appeareth for a
little time and vanisheth/away. James IV 14 Parents: John WOOD and Mary .

Mary Ann WOOD^1,145,492 was born in 1845 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ She died after 1901 at the age of 56.¹ Described as "farmers' daughter" on 1861 census and "at home" in 1851

1901 living in Longford with father and son Samuel Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Spouse: Edward WRIGHT. Mary Ann WOOD and Edward WRIGHT were married on 13 March 1866 in Long Lane, Derbys.^1,353 Children were: William WRIGHT, Samuel WRIGHT, Elizabeth WRIGHT.

Mary Banton WOOD¹ was born in 1867 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ She was christened on 22 December 1867 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Parents: Joseph WOOD and Ruth BOWMAN.

Rosina WOOD¹ was born in 1860 in Kensington, London.¹ Birth probably march 1860, Kensington 1a 68, Rosina Eselia Wood Parents: George WOOD and Sarah Elizabeth HUSSEY.

Samuel WOOD^1,489 was born in 1789.¹ He was christened on 20 August 1789 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was buried on 4 May 1858 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Samuel died in 1858 at the age of 69 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Burial entry at Swarkestone:

page 33 No 260 1858 Samuel Wood Swarkestone May 4th 68 years John M Webb Curate

Samuel Wood of this parish married Ann Ellot of the parish of Morley in this county 7th October 1811

1851 census, living in Swarkeston with wife Ann , son Joseph Parents: John WOOD and Ann HOLT.

Spouse: Anne ELLOT "of Morley". Anne ELLOT "of Morley" and Samuel WOOD were married on 13 January 1812 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ Children were: Jane WOOD, Mary WOOD, John WOOD, Thomas WOOD, Samuel WOOD, William WOOD, Joseph WOOD.

Samuel WOOD¹ was born in 1820 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was christened on 4 December 1820 in Swarkestone, Derbys.¹ He was a Labourer (1848 & 1881), plaster miner (1851).¹ 1851 census possibly in chellaston aged 30 a plaster miner with wife Elaine and son Charles aged 2

1881 census living at Roe St, Litchurch, Derbys with wife Hannah son Herbert and boarder Thomas B Watson

1891 a widower, general labourer living at 4 Leonard St Derby, with son Herbert , daughter Jane Ann and grandson Charles H Parents: Samuel WOOD and Anne ELLOT "of Morley".

Spouse: Hannah SMITH. Hannah SMITH and Samuel WOOD were married on 2 May 1842 in Duffield, Derbys.¹ Children were: Charles WOOD, Herbert WOOD.

Samuel WOOD^1,485 was christened on 15 March 1826 in Wigan, Lancs.^1,485 He was born in 1826.¹ He died on 22 January 1855 at the age of 29 in Hollington, Derbys.¹ Samuel was buried on 25 January 1855 in Longford, Derbys.¹ Burial entry Longford Jany 25 aged 28 years, died of "inflammation of the bowels". ...? Anson Rector.

Entry in Derby Mercury: Samuel Wood of Hollington died 22.1.1855 (1855 Jan 31 PSC6 DM) - "At Hollington, near Longford, on Monday week, after a few days illness, aged 28, Samuel, second son of Mr Wood; very deeply regretted, not only by his
relations and friends, but also by the poor, to whom he was a constant benefactor" Parents: John WOOD and Mary .

Samuel WOOD¹ was born in 1870 in United States.¹ Parents: Samuel Clifford WOOD and unknown .

Samuel Clifford WOOD¹ was born in 1847 in Quarndon, Derbys.¹ He died before 1923 at the age of 76 in ?United States.¹ Needham remained a largely agricultural town until the mid-1800s. In 1853, the first rail line was laid, connecting Needham to Boston. Denied access to the town center at Nehoiden Street, the rail line was diverted southward into the
largely-empty Great Plain. The presence of the railroad drew both businesses and residents away from the old town center and toward Great Plain Avenue and the surrounding streets. The Baptist and Congregational parishes also placed their new
churches there. In 1879, the First Parish church was lifted up onto rollers and moved to its current location on Dedham Avenue, firmly establishing Great Plain Avenue as the new town center.

Rail access to Needham was extended not only for commercial purposes, but also to accommodate the "Back Bay Fill". Starting in 1859, gravel was transported from Needham to Boston to fill in the Back Bay for residential use. For nearly 15 years,
over 1200 freight cars per day were loaded with gravel dug from the area that now forms the Industrial Center and the Route 128 interchange.

Also in the 1850s, Needham began to see the development of industry, especially in Needham Heights. Knitters from the English Midlands, displaced by economic changes in their own country, migrated to Needham and the surrounding towns to
reestablish their businesses. The most famous of these was the William Carter Company, which today still produces fine knitwear (though no longer in Needham). In 1890 there were more than 15 companies manufacturing knitted garments in Needham
Heights. By about 1900, the demand for labor in these factories brought an influx of new immigrants to Needham -- not only from England, but also from Ireland, Italy and Poland.

1880 US census, living in Chelsea, Suffolk, Mass. aged 32, a knitter, with Wm Sutton (62) and wife Sarah Sutton (51) Parents: John WOOD and Louisa CLIFFORD.

Spouse: unknown . Children were: Samuel WOOD, Elizabeth WOOD.

Spouse: Mary Ellen HICKLEY. Mary Ellen HICKLEY and Samuel Clifford WOOD were married on 28 November 1905 in Needham, massachusetts.¹